Letters In Animal Biology https://liabjournal.com/index.php/liab <p><strong><em>Letters in Animal Biology</em></strong> (<em>LIAB</em>) is an open access, peer-reviewed international journal that publishes the results of original research pertaining to animal biology. <em>LIAB</em> encompasses a broad range of topics on animal production, health, and welfare along with the fundamental aspects of genetics, physiology, nutrition, medicine, microbiology, biotechnology, biochemistry, reproduction, and animal products. Articles published in <em>LIAB</em> cover research topics on all domestic animals, birds, and companion animals; however, the topics on wildlife species, laboratory animals, and other aquatic species will be considered for publication as long as they have direct or indirect implications on animal production, health, or other biological aspects. <em>LIAB</em> publishes high quality research articles, reviews, short communications, and case reports.</p> en-US [email protected] (Editor-In-Chief: Dr. Jubeda Begum) [email protected] (Technology Division) Sat, 22 Feb 2025 16:58:48 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.4 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Leishmaniasis in humans and small animals: Updates and insights through a one health https://liabjournal.com/index.php/liab/article/view/195 <div class="page" title="Page 1"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p>Leishmaniasis is neglected infectious disease caused by a type of microscopic parasite called Leishmania spp. This disease can affect both humans and animals, as well as sandflies. There are more than 90 species of sandflies that can transmit Leishmania parasites, with Lutzomyia being the primary transmitter in the Americas and Phlebotomus being the primary transmitter elsewhere. The disease, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, including southern Europe, poses a significant global health concern due to increasing outbreaks spurred by climate change and heightened human and animal mobility. Leishmaniasis is categorized into three main forms: cutaneous, visceral (kala-azar), and mucocutaneous. These forms vary in clinical presentation, ranging from skin lesions to severe systemic involvement of internal organs and mucosal damage. The treatment of leishmaniasis is complex and depends on factors such as the disease type, parasite species, geographic region, and the host's health status. This review adopts a One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental perspectives to provide a comprehensive update on leishmaniasis. It synthesizes recent advances in understanding the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic techniques, and treatment strategies of cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis in humans and small animals. Understanding interconnection between animals and humans requires a holistic approach such as One Health perspective. This framework emphasizes the need for coordinated research, innovative treatments, and integrated prevention strategies to combat its growing global burden.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> Amirhossein Badkoubi , Niloofar Sanaeiha, Narges Safari, Zahra Dolati, Amirreza Khodakarami, Rastin Safari, Mohammad Arad Zandieh Copyright (c) 2025 Amirhossein Badkoubi , Niloofar Sanaeiha, Narges Safari, Zahra Dolati, Amirreza Khodakarami, Rastin Safari, Mohammad Arad Zandieh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://liabjournal.com/index.php/liab/article/view/195 Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Role of probiotics in the control of Salmonella infections in animals and humans https://liabjournal.com/index.php/liab/article/view/202 <div class="page" title="Page 1"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p>Salmonella infections pose a significant threat to human and animal health, leading to foodborne illnesses, economic losses in the livestock industry, and challenges in public health management. Various chemical drugs including antibiotics have been used to control Salmonella infections but overuse of these drugs has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, necessitating alternative strategies. Probiotics have emerged as the best alternative in controlling Salmonella infections because they promote gut health in both humans and animals. Probiotics are best because they are involved in enhancing modulation of gut microbiota, production of antimicrobial compounds, and immunity stimulant, thereby inhibiting Salmonella colonization and reducing infection severity. Different probiotic strains, especially Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have shown efficacy in reducing Salmonella shedding and improving gut health in livestock, ultimately lowering zoonotic transmission risks. This review study explores the mechanisms by which probiotics combat Salmonella, and their various effects including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-hypocholesterolemia, and anti-allergic. Understanding the role of probiotics in preventing and managing Salmonella infections can contribute to improving food safety, reducing antibiotic resistance, and enhancing animal and human health.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> Ahsan Fayyaz, Jannat Fatima, Sara Mahmood, Yarfa Khurram, Gull Naz , Riffat Shamim Aslam , Ayesha Sarwar , Fatima Sarwar, Yusra Israr, Ayesha Israr, Afaq Ahmad , Abdul Rafay, Tehreem shehzad Copyright (c) 2025 Ahsan Fayyaz, Jannat Fatima, Sara Mahmood, Yarfa Khurram, Gull Naz , Riffat Shamim Aslam , Ayesha Sarwar , Fatima Sarwar, Yusra Israr, Ayesha Israr, Afaq Ahmad , Abdul Rafay, Tehreem shehzad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://liabjournal.com/index.php/liab/article/view/202 Tue, 18 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Role of metallic nanoparticles in the control of hazardous insects affecting plants and animals https://liabjournal.com/index.php/liab/article/view/194 <div class="page" title="Page 1"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p>The necessity for more agricultural production can be fulfilled by increasing crop productivity because the cultivated area is constrained. The main source of food and nutrients for domestic animals and humans comes directly or indirectly from agriculture. However, along with climate change, plant diseases, pests, poor soil health, weeds, natural disasters, and reduced nutrient availability, all contribute to a large loss of worldwide crop production under current farming practices. According to the latest studies, insects account for almost 20-40% of all yield losses in agriculture each year, with acute infestations causing even more harm in some areas. One of the main concerns for international food security is the financial burden of controlling these pests, both in terms of direct output losses and the expenses related to pest control procedures. Application of pesticides on the farm poses a variety of challenges for farmers, who must decide which pesticides to use for a given pest as well as when and how to apply them. Nanotechnology has been widely used in agriculture to boost the production of crops through a variety of methods, including control of pests, seed treatment, enhancement of the germination process, nutrient balance, and improved fertilizer delivery. In this review, the role of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) against hazardous insects (pests) in their control and the mechanism of actions of MNPs have been summarized.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> Usama Zafar Iqbal, Aqsa Riaz, Muhammad Sheraz , Faisal Imran, Arfa Arfa, Mudassar Nadeem, Sidra Zafar, Irum Shehzadi, Afaq Ahmad , Silla Ambrose, Muhammad Saim, Arslan Muhammad Ali Khan Copyright (c) 2025 Usama Zafar Iqbal, Aqsa Riaz, Muhammad Sheraz , Faisal Imran, Arfa Arfa, Mudassar Nadeem, Sidra Zafar, Irum Shehzadi, Afaq Ahmad , Silla Ambrose, Muhammad Saim, Arslan Muhammad Ali Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://liabjournal.com/index.php/liab/article/view/194 Thu, 27 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Standardizing insemination interval for turkey hens with diluted semen preserved at 5 °C for optimum fertility https://liabjournal.com/index.php/liab/article/view/186 <div class="page" title="Page 1"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <div class="page" title="Page 1"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p>Standardizing insemination interval with liquid stored semen is necessary for better application of assisted reproductive biotechnology for genetic improvement in turkey. This experiment was designed to identify appropriate insemination intervals to achieve optimum fertility with tom semen preserved with Tris Egg-yolk Orange (TEYO) extender for 4 and 12 hours at 5 °C. Five healthy indigenous toms and ninety six hens of 38 weeks of age were used for this study. A 4x2 factorial design with two insemination frequencies and four types of semen was employed in a completely Randomized Design. The four varieties of semen used were undiluted, TEYO diluted, 4 hours TEYO chilled, and 12 hours TEYO chilled. The second factor is once or twice weekly insemination frequencies. The results showed that turkey hens inseminated with 12 h TEYO chilled semen had significantly lower fertility rates, hatchability of viable eggs, and egg sets than those inseminated with 4 h TEYO chilled semen, TEYO extended semen, and un-extended sperm. The value for 4 hours of TEYO chilled semen, however, did not differ appreciably from the un-chilled semen value. The results showed that twice per week insemination had significantly higher percentage fertility value compared to once per week insemination for un- chilled and 12 h TEYO chilled semen. The results revealed that once per week insemination had a higher hatchability percentage of fertile eggs for 4 h TEYO chilled semen, TEYO extended semen, and un-extended semen compared to twice per-week insemination. The results revealed that once per week insemination had a higher hatchability percentage of eggs set compared to twice per week insemination for 4 h TEYO chilled tom semen. The results revealed that only in un-extended semen and 4 h TEYO chilled semen dead-in-shells were recorded. It was therefore concluded that twice per week insemination interval indicated better fertility and hatchability results for 12 h TEYO chilled turkey semen, while once per week insemination gave a better fertility and hatchability result for 4 h TEYO chilled turkey semen.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> Adedeji Suleimon Balogun, Akintunde Akinbola Akinosun, Adetoun Janet Ajibade, Bisola Barakat Hammed, Maruf Copyright (c) 2025 Adedeji Suleimon Balogun, Akintunde Akinbola Akinosun, Adetoun Janet Ajibade, Bisola Barakat Hammed, Maruf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://liabjournal.com/index.php/liab/article/view/186 Sat, 22 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000