Egg Yolk Antibodies: Production and applications in the diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases - A review: Applications of egg yolk antibodies

Mohd Yaqoob Wani; Arif Ahmad Pandit; Jubeda Begum; Nazir Ahmed; Masood Saleem Mir; Dil Mohammad  Makhdoomi

doi:10.62310/liab.v2i1.77

Authors

Mohd Yaqoob Wani Directorate of Extension, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, - 1900025
Arif Ahmad Pandit Directorate of Research, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, - 1900025
Jubeda Begum Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand India,- 263145
Nazir Ahmed Directorate of Extension, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, - 1900025
Masood Saleem Mir Directorate of Extension, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, - 1900025
Dil Mohammad Makhdoomi Directorate of Extension, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, - 1900025

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62310/liab.v2i1.77

Keywords:

Egg yolk antibody, disease prophylaxis, disease diagnosis, novel treatment

Abstract

Antibodies are extensively used in molecular biology, protein detection, cell isolation, immunopathology as well as in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases in humans and animals. Rabbit and mice are the common mammalian species used for the production of both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. However, there are many advantages of raising antibodies in poultry. Chicken are phylogenetically distant from mammals and reacts strongly against highly conserved mammalian antigens. Also, chicken has a natural tendency to concentrate immunoglobulins in higher concentrations in egg yolk which makes subsequent collection and separation of antibodies easier by non-invasive methods than the separation from serum as in rabbits or mice. Moreover, by laying eggs each day a hen can act as a small antibody production unit. Eggs or egg yolk can be included as dietary components and egg yolk antibodies (EYA) have minimal toxic or side effects. At the same time, chicken immunoglobulin (IgY) can resist almost all gastric barriers in food animals, help in reducing gastrointestinal pathogen attachment and colonization, and improve digestion, thus can act as an excellent feed additive. The EYA can also be produced against various bacterial, fungal, or other immunogenic toxins and snake venoms. This review presents an overview of the production and purification techniques of EYA, its challenges and the applications in the diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases along with the conjectures on the future of IgY technology.

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