Zoonotic Escherichia coli infections: Pathogenic variants, mechanism of disease, transmission routes, and foodborne outbreaks
Zoonotic Escherichia coli and its pathogenic strains
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62310/liab.v5i2.238Keywords:
Escherichia coli, Strains, Transmission, Zoonosis, oodborne outbreaks, One HealthAbstract
Escherichia coli is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium with diverse pathogenic strains. Most strains of E. coli are motile and capable of causing infections in humans, small and large ruminants, and birds. The zoonotic E. coli phenotypes include Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), all of which pose a significant threat to public health. These pathogenic variants possess unique virulence factors, including Shiga toxins, adhesins, and enterotoxins, which enable E. coli to colonize host cells and disrupt their functions. The transmission of these pathogenic agents often occurs through direct contact with the infected animal, consumption of unhygienic dairy products, and environmental exposure to fecal material. Foodborne outbreaks due to zoonotic E. coli, specifically STEC O157:H7, are most often associated with undercooked meat, unpasteurized dairy, and contaminated water. This review highlights the major zoonotic pathotypes of E. coli, delineates their disease mechanisms and transmission routes from animals to humans, along with a summary of prominent foodborne outbreaks in humans and animals. It further emphasizes the importance of adopting an integrated One Health approach for the prevention and effective control of zoonotic E. coli infections, thereby reducing their incidence and public health burden.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Rehman Rafee, Monyer Abdulamier Abd Alfatlawi, Ali Asad, Sarah Noor, Shaista Shafiq, Iftikhar Ud Din, Nida Zainab, Talha Ahmad, Sumaira Afzal, Muqadas Arshad, Silla Ambrose, Sahar Mustafa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Accepted 2025-09-22
Published 2025-10-04
